Rabies is an acute viral disease which causes fatal encephalomyelitis in virtually all the warm blooded animals including man. The virus is found in wild and some domestic animals, and is transmitted to other animals and to humans through their saliva (i.e. bites, scratches, licks on broken skin and mucous membrane).
In urban areas, the disease is mainly transmitted by dogs, being responsible for about 96% of animal bite cases. Rabies has terrified man since antiquity. The fear is by no means unfounded since the disease is invariably fatal and perhaps the most painful and horrible of all communicable diseases in which the sick person is tormented at the same time remains completely conscious.
Rabies, which is also called hydrophobia, is caused by Lyssavirus Type 1. Classical hydrophobia is characterized by a long and variable incubation period, a short period of illness due to encephalomyelitis, ending in death despite intensive care.